Monday Morning Waterboy: quantifying INTs

Cold, Hard Football Facts for Jul 04, 2011



By Luis Deloureiro
Cold, Hard Football Facts man who says his R's
 
The setting is metropolitan Boston circa 1997.
 
A different time in the Hub.
 
A time before the area's pink-hatted fair-weather sports population would be spoiled with seven championships in 10 years.
 
A time when Drew Bledsoe could save a drowning child and be accused of perpetuating the world's overpopulation problem.
 
A dozen football fans are watching a regular-season Patriots game.
 
The 12 consist of 11 fiery Beantown natives and a meek Connecticut transplant cowering in the corner – fearing the ramifications of pronouncing his r's.
 
The Patriots are in the red zone - Bledsoe leading his team on a potential game-winning fourth-quarter drive.
 
Bledsoe drops to pass and arcs a spiral right into the hands of a waiting defensive back.
 
The room erupts with anti-Bledsoe vitriol.
 
"F%*king Bledsoe!!"..."Worst quarterback evah!"... "Guy can't hit the broadside of a bahn!"
 
Just as the Connecticut native is memorizing all of the room's means of egress (anticipating the need for a hasty escape), a real student of the game yells, "Every time the Pats get to the red zone, Bledsoe throws a pick!"
 
While this obviously wasn't a true statement, it did raise the question (at least in the virginal mind of the horrified Nutmeg State native) – are all interceptions created equally?
 
Quantifying the Impact of Interceptions
Fast forward to July 4, 2011.....the aforementioned Connecticut native is now indulging in burgers and beer – each of which he would reconsider if he could actually see his arteries.
 
Things have changed, but the question is still a valid one: are all interceptions created equally?
 
To answer the question, we tried to quantify the negative value – in terms of expected points lost – of each interception.

No surprise: all interceptions are NOT created equally. An interception of a half-ending desperation pass has virtually no impact. But an interception thrown after reaching the red zone eliminates likely points for the offense.
 
An interception thrown while an offense is still in its own end of the field creates a short field – and potential points – for the opposing offense. However, today, we are focusing only on the points lost by the offense – not the points gained by the opponent due to favorable field position.
 
To get a value for each interception, we ran a regression model that looked at the expected points when an offense has possession at a certain point on the field on any given down. (We'll enhance the model in the future to include time remaining and, possibly, score differential.)
 
With this model, we were able to quantify the difference between an interception at midfield on fourth down and a pick thrown on first down at the opponent's five-yard line. The model showed that the interception on fourth down at midfield cost the team about 1.8 expected points – while the interception at the five prevented about 4.4 expected points.
 
We could also calculate the points "given" to the other team when an interception gives the opposing offense a short field – and, therefore, potential points. But, for now, we're only quantifying the expected points lost by the offense due to interceptions. (This data will be crucial in that the model, in its current form, does not additionally penalize a quarterback for throwing an interception in his own end).
 
The table below shows each quarterback's total 2010 interceptions – as well as the average and total expected points (EP) lost because of the interceptions. Data is sorted by average EP lost per interception.
 
Expected Points Lost from Interceptions in 2010 (min.224 attempts)
Quarterback
Interceptions
Avg. EP Lost
Total EP Lost
Josh Freeman
6
2.78
16.7
Sam Bradford
15
2.23
33.5
Tom Brady
4
2.13
8.5
Alex Smith
10
2.10
21.0
Shaun Hill
12
1.98
23.8
Jay Cutler
16
1.83
29.2
Derek Anderson
10
1.69
16.9
Ben Roethlisberger
5
1.51
7.5
Kyle Orton
9
1.49
13.4
Jon Kitna
12
1.46
17.6
Mark Sanchez
13
1.38
18.0
Matt Hasselbeck
17
1.36
23.1
Drew Brees
22
1.27
27.9
Ryan Fitzpatrick
15
1.21
18.2
Matt Cassel
7
1.20
8.4
Donovan McNabb
15
1.17
17.5
Philip Rivers
13
1.15
14.9
Brett Favre
19
1.14
21.6
Carson Palmer
20
1.12
22.5
Matt Ryan
9
1.03
9.3
Joe Flacco
10
1.00
10.0
Chad Henne
19
1.00
19.0
Matt Schaub
12
0.95
11.4
Aaron Rodgers
11
0.95
10.5
Jimmy Clausen
9
0.94
8.4
Eli Manning
25
0.93
23.3
Kerry Collins
8
0.79
6.3
Michael Vick
6
0.66
4.0
Peyton Manning
17
0.60
10.2
David Garrard
15
0.53
8.0
Jason Campbell
8
0.38
3.1
 
The results show that there was great variation in the average number of expected points lost per interception thrown.
 
For example, Josh Freeman and Tom Brady rarely threw interceptions last year: just 10 between the two of them. But they were usually very critical picks that wiped about 2.5 points off the board. At the other end of the spectrum, AFC South rivals David Garrard and Peyton Manning threw plenty of picks last year by modern standards (a total of 32). But those picks generally cost their teams an average of just over 0.5 points, both among the very lowest in the league.
 
A few other things stand out:
 
ONE - In part-time duty, Jason Campbell threw only eight interceptions – and, on average, limited their impact. His interceptions only cost his team a total of 3.1 expected points – an average of 0.38 per interception.
 
TWO - In 2010, not only did Joe Flacco keep his interception total in check, but he didn't tend to throw interceptions that killed promising drives. Of his 10 interceptions, only one occurred after his team had driven beyond the opposing 40. Of course, this begs the question of whether he was setting his opponents up with great field positin with interceptions in his own end – as stated, that analysis will come in the next few weeks. Flacco's interceptions cost his team a total of only 10 expected points.
 
THREE - We all know rookie QBs struggle in the NFL and St. Louis's Sam Bradford was no exception. His 15 interceptions cost his team an average of 2.23 expected points lost – for a league-high total of 33.5 EP lost.
 
FOUR - Among elite quarterbacks, Michael Vick ranked among the best in terms of both average points lost per INT (0.66) and total points lost (4.0). Of course, he played only 12 of 16 games. So the total (and perhaps average) might have been higher had he played a full schedule. But the numbers were quite impressive in Vick's explosive rebound year.
 
FIVE - Ben Roethlisberger always ranks much higher in efficiency indicators than most people other than the Cold, Hard Football Facts realize. And this list is another example. Big Ben threw just 5 INT in his 12 regular-season games last year, for a total of 7.5 EP lost, among the best in the NFL. Of course, he saved his biggest mistake of the year for the worst possible moment: a pick-six in the Super Bowl that essentially proved the difference between victory and defeat.
 
This metric is still something of a work in progress. But, it does allow us to start quantifying and differentiating the impact of turnovers. Instead of labeling all interceptions (or turnovers for that matter) with the same broad brush, we can start to tease out which ones really set a team back and which ones are nothing more than a blip on a stat sheet.
 
We still don't know if, in 1997, Bledsoe threw an interception every time the Patriots were in the red zone We're guessing no. But at times it certainly felt like he did.





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